Gerenciamento Ótimo do Fluxo de Energia Aplicado a uma Microrrede Residencial

Abstract

The implementation of microgrids in Brazil has increased considerably in recent years due to the shortage of water resources that result in increased electricity tariffs. The installation of these systems besides being environmentally advantageous and economical for the prosumer, allows for more autonomy and independence from the grids controlled by the energy distributors. However, microgrids are composed of several elements with distinct features that must operate in optimal synergy to achieve the maximum energy and economic benefits. In view of this, this paper proposes a model for managing the flow of energy among the elements that compose a residential microgrid. The proposed model is composed of energy sources such as the local utility grid and a photovoltaic system, storage devices and loads commonly found in the homes of Brazilian consumers. The problem results in the formulation of a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (PLIM) mathematical optimization model that has the objective of reducing the cost paid by the prosumer while minimizing the energy consumption of the utility grid. Computational simulation results are presented to verify and evidence the effectiveness of the proposed model.