Análise de Influência da Proteção sobre Equivalentes de Redes Ativas de Distribuição

Abstract

Equivalent models have been employed for simulations of active distribution networks (ADNs), enabling efficient simulations without requiring detailed knowledge about the specific ADN under analysis. However, the effects of protection schemes of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are often neglected in the parameterization of these models. This paper discusses the influence of the mandatory protection of these schemes on the efficacy of gray-box equivalent models in replicating real system dynamics that include mandatory disconnection of DERs. A two-step approach is initially developed to parameterize the ADN dynamic equivalent, neglecting protection schemes. The approach categorizes parameters into sensitivity-based subgroups and then employs Particle Swarm Optimization to estimate them. Results demonstrate the efficiency of this approach in accurately representing the network response. However, some features of the perturbation that initiate the dynamic response (for example, severe voltage sags) reduce this accuracy. This illustrates the need to consider protection models during the parameterization of the equivalent model and, as a proof-of-concept, is the main contribution of this work.