A SIMPLEX-like method based on tree-gradients for allocating reactive power in collecting networks of wind parks aiming to correct voltage profile

Abstract

The technological evolution of wind turbines has enabled an increase in their efficiency and improvement in the production of electrical energy. The most modern models allow for continuous energy production, even with variations in wind speed, and efficient voltage regulation, pushing the limits. This is mainly due to new converter-based technologies, which allow for more comprehensive control actions for managing generated power and terminal voltage. However, the use of converters can lead to the automatic shutdown of generating units due to voltage values outside the operational range, which can occur when the voltage regulation limits of the wind turbines, through the production of reactive power (capacitive/inductive), are exceeded. Additionally, in some cases, regulation may be required at a remote point, such as the entry of the transformers at the collector substation. Therefore, this work aims to present a methodology for calculating the reactive power necessary for voltage control at any point within the internal network of the wind farm. For the solution, a method based on the gradient vector will be used, combined with a linearization process to determine the node that will inject reactive power into the system and the amount to be injected.