Development of a Merging Unit Based on a Hybrid FPGA and ARM Platform

Abstract

Advancements in automation and digitalization are transforming power systems, driving the replacement of traditional systems with innovative digital models. This transition has resulted in significant efficiencies in electrical substations, reducing operational costs and human errors. The IEC 61850 communication protocol, proposed by the IEC TC 57 group, plays a fundamental role in this automation, offering flexibility in fault diagnosis and data management. This article proposes the design of a Merging Unit (MU), based on hybrid architecture hardware (ARM/FPGA), capable of acquiring synchronized voltage and current signals according to the Global Positioning System (GPS). The system combines the robustness of the FPGA with the flexibility of ARM, allowing both software and hardware updates remotely. FPGA integration into the MU facilitates accurate synchronization and communication, while parallel processing speeds up data packaging. Real-time measurement results show that the adopted approach demonstrates an efficient rate of data packaging and transmission via the Ethernet protocol. Implementing the Debian Linux operating system on the ARM microprocessor ensures reliable and efficient operation. This innovative strategy offers a viable solution for the modernization and efficiency of power systems.