Um Modelo de Otimização Multiobjetivo para o Planejamento Ótimo de Infraestrutura de Carregamento de Veículos Elétricos

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) play a crucial role in reducing environmental pollution by helping to decrease reliance on fossil fuels and promote urban sustainability. However, the widespread adoption of these vehicles brings significant challenges, especially in the planning of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs). This article introduces a new multi-objective optimization model for efficient planning of EVCSs in urban areas. The model aims to simultaneously minimize investment costs and distances between EVCSs while managing vehicle charging within a maximum wait time limit. The proposed approach incorporates geospatial analysis to model the dynamics of EV travel patterns and user charging preferences. This allows for estimating EV charging demands by subarea and thus planning EVCSs efficiently. The model was tested using sociodemographic data from a medium-sized Brazilian city, and the results validate its ability to determine the optimal size and location of EVCSs to meet EV charging demands.