Analysis of Non-Technical Losses in the Electric Distribution System and the Influence of Socioeconomic Factors

Abstract

Combatting non-technical energy losses, caused by theft, fraud, and measurement equipment failures, poses a critical challenge for utilities. These losses lead to significant financial damages, impacting profitability and operational efficiency, while also raising tariffs for regular consumers. Effective solutions require rigorous monitoring, detection, and punishment of perpetrators, along with investments in advanced measurement and control technologies. Reducing commercial losses not only benefits utilities but also contributes to the stability of the electrical system and fairer tariffs for all consumers. This article provides a general analysis of non-technical losses in the distribution system, with emphasis on the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, correlating the commercial loss index with socioeconomic variables such as per capita income, labor market, and housing conditions.