Estudo de Eficiência de Inversor Conectado à Rede e Seus impactos na Qualidade da Energia

Abstract

With the increasing demand for energy, photovoltaic systems emerge as a solution to increase energy efficiency. The connection of these systems to the electrical grid is made by an inverter that transforms a continuous input signal into an alternating one. This study focuses on the efficiency of the inverters of the photovoltaic system of the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Bahia, Paulo Afonso campus. Using mathematical models, it was observed that efficiency varies with the level of loading. The study also analyzes the impacts on the quality of the energy injected into the grid by the inverters. The measurements allowed the construction of efficiency curves at different times of the year, showing that efficiency is a function of input parameters (voltage and current), and that its maximum value can be achieved for low levels of loading (below 50%). The main impacts on the quality of energy were observed for the power factor, total harmonic current distortions, and voltage variations. It is concluded that the weighted average efficiencies are reliable, but may be limited in regions with specific climatic characteristics.