Baterias de Íons de Lítio: Estado da Arte e Perspectivas Futuras

Abstract

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have revolutionized energy storage technology in recent decades, boosting electric mobility and powering a variety of portable electronic devices. The state of the art of these batteries involves a set of significant advances in several areas. In terms of materials, research focuses on improving the energy density and stability of electrochemical materials, aiming to increase the capacity and extend the useful life of batteries. Additionally, there are efforts to reduce the cost of and dependence on scarce materials such as cobalt by promoting more sustainable and affordable alternatives. Future perspectives include the continued optimization of materials and processes, as well as the adoption of new technologies, such as solid-state batteries, which promise greater energy density, greater safety and extended useful life. Furthermore, there is an increasing focus on integrating Li-ion batteries with renewable energy storage systems, driving the transition to a cleaner and more sustainable energy matrix. This work presents a review of the state of the art of lithium-ion batteries and the promising future prospects of this battery technology, in terms of improvements in performance, cost and sustainability.