Keywords:
Optimization, V2G, variable pricing, electric vehicles, AMPL
Abstract
Electric vehicles (EV) have several advantages over traditional internal combustion vehicles, either for environmental or performance reasons. However, the autonomy of these vehicles is directly associated to the use of high energy density batteries, which in turn, have limitations related to charging time, depth of discharge and the number of charge/discharge cycles. These characteristics increase the costs related to energy and battery wear. However, a planned charging/discharging management, according to the owner’s needs, has the ability to minimize the vehicle operational costs. In this article, the AMPL language is used to solve two optimization problems that aim to minimize the operational costs of an electric vehicle. A variable pricing plan called“Tempo Verde Supervalle” from the company Endesa, which operates in Spain, was used. In the elaborated problem, if it is financially advantageous, the vehicle owner can sell energy to the grid. The obtained results show that the proposed methodology can adapt to the energy purchase and sale tariffs, providing a reduction in the EV recharge price.
